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Paired Testing

– Testing blood sugar (glucose) before and after an activity or event, such as eating or exercise.

Palmitic acid

– A saturated fatty acid (identified chemically as C16:0). It is found in higher amounts in palm oil and animal fats.

Pantothenic acid

-Pantothenic acid, or vitamin B5, is a water-soluble vitamin that is found in meat, vegetables, grains, dairy, eggs, and legumes.

Parboiled rice

– Parboiled rice (sometimes called converted rice) has been soaked, steamed and dried before milling.

Pectin

-Pectin is a fibrous material found in the peel and pulp of plants.

Periodic fasting

– A form of intermittent fasting in which people generally fast (eating 25% or less of their daily calorie needs) on two non-consecutive days a week. On the other five days of the week, they eat as they normally would.

Periodontal disease

– Inflammation of the gums that, if severe, can lead to the loss of tissues that hold your teeth in place. It is caused by plaque.

Peripheral neuropathy

– Nerve damage causing numbness and pain, usually in the hands and feet.

Phenolics

-Phenolics are compounds found in all plants that are secondary metabolites, meaning that they are produced but not necessary for growth and development.

Phosphorus

-Phosphorus is an essential mineral that comprises 1% of body weight and is found in all body cells, but mostly the bone and teeth.

Phloem

– The intermediate layer of a carrot, immediately below the peel.

Phytic acid

– Phytic acid is a storage unit for the phosphorus present in most grains and seeds.

Phytochemical

– lPhytochemicals are plant chemicals that may affect health, found in fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, and grains.

Phytoestrogens

– Naturally-occurring plant compounds that are similar in structure and/or function to human estrogen (but are comparatively weaker). They’re found in a variety of foods, most notably soy products.

Phytonutrients

– Phytonutrients are plant components that are believed to have beneficial effects on human health.

Polyols

-Polyols are low calorie carbohydrates that have a low glycemic index and low digestibility.

Polyphenols

-Polyphenols are antioxidant phytochemicals that are abundant in the diet and associated with decreased risk of certain degenerative diseases.

Polyunsaturated fat

-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) are fats that contain more than one double bonded (unsaturated) carbon in their chemical backbone and are usually liquid at room temperature.

Potassium

– Potassium is a mineral that is essential in the body for regulating homeostasis and is found in meat, fish, soy, and some vegetables.

Potassium chloride

-Potassium chloride is a mineral supplement that is used to treat low blood potassium levels and sometimes used as a salt substitute in food.

Prebiotic

– Prebiotics are indigestible carbohydrates that are fermented by the bacteria in the gut, benefitting the host and the gut microflora.

Probiotic

-Probiotics are live bacteria or microorganisms that are similar to those found naturally in the gut that confer health benefits, thus often called ‘good’ bacteria.

Prolonged nightly fasting

– Also called time-restricted feeding. It’s a form of intermittent fasting in which people generally restrict eating to a shorter time window than typical, such as eight hours a day.

Prostaglandins

-Prostaglandins are created in the body from fatty acids and act as local messenger molecules, similar to hormones.

Proteoglycans

– Proteoglycans are present in the matrix surrounding connective tissues, like cartilage.

Protocatechuic acid

– Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a phenolic compound found in fruits, vegetables, and nuts.

Proton-pump inhibitor

-Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a strong class of drugs that are used to treat stomach acid problems by reducing the amount of stomach acid produced.

Psyllium husk fiber

– Comes from the Plantago ovata plant. It absorbs water in the gut, making stools softer, bulkier and easier to pass.

Purines

– High levels of uric acid in the blood increase gout risk. If you have gout, you may be advised to reduce intake of purine-rich foods to help reduce uric acid levels.